Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the South China Sea) was also included in his definition. However, the flag and arms are not representations of sovereignty over the Republic of Indonesia. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2022. Steadman viewed Oceania as encompassing Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia (including Easter Island and Hawaii). The rest is distributed among the island countries of Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia, where native ethnic groups abound. In some islands of Chilean sovereignty, such as Easter Island, Spanish is spoken. Trends i. The Global Religious Landscape United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. [347] It is classified as an Alpha+ World City by GaWC. Tourism has been promoted, in part, by Vanuatu being the site of several reality-TV shows. There are a considerable number of Pacific Islands outside the tropics. [84] Aside from mainland Australia, areas that she identified as of high importance were Borneo, Hawaii, Indonesia's Java and Sumatra, New Guinea, New Zealand, the Philippines, French Polynesia's Society Islands, Tasmania, and Tonga. Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. There are six cities in Oceania with a population of more than one million inhabitants: Sydney (Australia): 5.3 million inhabitants Melbourne (Australia): 4 million inhabitants Brisbane (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Perth (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Auckland (New Zealand): 1.6 million inhabitants The King is represented in Australia by the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level, who by convention act on the advice of his ministers. Beginning c. 1100 CE, the people of Easter Island would begin construction of nearly 900 moai (large stone statues). In 1905 the British government transferred some administrative responsibility over south-east New Guinea to Australia (which renamed the area "Territory of Papua"); and in 1906, transferred all remaining responsibility to Australia. [384] The King is represented by the Governor-General, whom he appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. The island chain borders both the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and is geologically a partially submerged volcanic extension of the Aleutian Range on the Alaskan mainland, that stretches for another 1,600 kilometers. [323], Sydney is the most multicultural city in Oceania, having more than 250 different languages spoken with about 40% of residents speaking a language other than English at home. Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Nauru and Palau all have no presence, primarily due to lack of infrastructure and logistical difficulties related to Micronesia's remoteness. [17], Definitions of Oceania vary. [353] Australia boasts the largest amount of manufacturing in the region, producing cars, electrical equipment, machinery and clothes. [211] Abel Tasman circumnavigated and landed on parts of the Australian continental coast and discovered Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), New Zealand in 1642, and Fiji. "[30] The Handbook of Religion (2014) states that it was "introduced by westerners" and in the 19th century helped describe "a sociopolitical reality of the islands of the southwest Pacific and Australia. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [56][57] The Australian Plate includes Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Vanuatu, and parts of New Zealand. [42][43][44] In her 1961 book The United States and the Southwest Pacific, American author Clinton Hartley Grattan commented that, "the use of the word Oceania to cover Australia, New Zealand, and the [Pacific] islands now has a slightly old-fashioned flavor. Prange, Gordon W., Goldstein, Donald, & Dillon, Katherine. "[66] Brown went on to add, "the small islands lying off the continent, like the Queen Charlotte's in the North Pacific, the Farallones off California, and the Chinchas off Peru are to all intents and purposes, only detached bits of the adjoining shores. Nine countries have a growth rate above 1%. Establishing a chronological timeframe for these pieces in most cases is difficult, but one has been dated to c. 1500 BCE. The countries and territories in this table are categorised according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations. [67] It is used in statistical reports, by the International Olympic Committee, and by many atlases. [64] Todd further included the Aleutian Islands in his definition of Oceania. United States Naval Institute, For the Japanese designator of Oahu. The following series of short activities allows students to access a wealth of data on the world, regions, and individual countries, and develop their data literacy skills and knowledge of geography. The rock art of Aboriginal Australians is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. Oceania. Santa Cruz, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin. In addition, the series of sovereign island nations fringing Asia (Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, East Malaysia, the Republic of Indonesia) are not ordinarily considered to be part of the area. Oceania, collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. Along with India most of Australasia lies on the Indo-Australian Plate with the latter occupying the Southern area. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. On 1 May 1979, in recognition of the evolving political status of the Marshall Islands, the United States recognized the constitution of the Marshall Islands and the establishment of the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The global sex ratio in the world was approximately 1,016 males to 1,000 females as of 2022. This article is about the geographical region. The coral reefs of the South Pacific are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. Bullen added that, "Asia, Europe and the Maritime Continent are not literal geographic continents. [446], Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru. 7 30 N, 134 30 E. Map references. Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BCE, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts.[199]. This has contributed $1 billion or more to Fiji's economy since 1995, but the Government of Fiji likely underestimates these figures due to the invisible economy inside the tourism industry. PopulationPyramid.net Piramide della Popolazione Mondiale dal 1950 al 2100. [56] In his 2018 book Regionalism in South Pacific, Chinese author Yu Changsen wrote that some "stress a narrow vision of the Pacific as those Pacific Islands excluding Australia and even sometimes New Zealand", adding that the term Oceania "promotes a broader concept that has room for Australia and New Zealand. was estimated to be 44,416,763 people. [419] New Zealand yields produce from land and sea most crops and livestock, such as maize, potatoes and pigs, were gradually introduced by the early European settlers. They further include in this region Salas y Gmez, a small uninhabited island to the east of Easter Island. The ninth season of the reality TV series Survivor was filmed on Vanuatu, entitled Survivor: Vanuatu Islands of Fire. Countries in Oceania The following are countries that are included in the broad definition of Oceania, with their corresponding population and capitals. In the politics of Papua New Guinea the Prime Minister is the head of government, and the head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, represented by a Governor-General. Other Austronesian areas such as Indonesia and the Philippines were not included, due to their closer cultural proximity to mainland Asia. PRB's World Population Data Sheet is an excellent reference and data analysis tool. Density (P/Km): (Population Density) Population per square Kilometer (Km). Lista de correio - Ver mais. Oceania covers about 20 million square miles (50 million square kilometers), or roughly one third of the enormous Pacific Ocean. PLOS One describe Insular Chile as having "cultural and ecological connections to the broader insular Pacific. [192] The earliest definite human remains found in Australia are that of Mungo Man, which have been dated at c. 40,000 years old. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian birds, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. It was politically associated with Australia and Tasmania by 1870. [208] Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was discovered and settled as recently as 1200.[209]. New #sharkscience by @FloriaanDD and authors conduct the first #global assessment of population structure of the #bullshark To learn more-> 28 Feb 2023 04:01:34 The Oceania Population (Live) counter shows a continuously updated estimate of the current population of Oceania delivered by Worldometer's RTS algorithm, which processes data collected from the United Nations Population Division. New Caledonia remains an integral part of the French Republic. [184][183], Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands who migrated from Africa to Asia c. 70,000 years ago[185] and arrived in Australia c. 50,000 years ago. [245] Hawaii's tallest mountain Mauna Kea is 4,205m (13,796ft) above mean sea level. Sydney (pop. [170][171][172][173][174] Both were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans during the 17th century. Flick estimated this definition of Oceania had a population of 70,000,000, and commented that, "brown and yellow races constitute the vast majority" and that the minority of whites were mainly "owners and rulers". [436] The most popular sport among Australian women is netball, while Australian rules football garners the highest spectatorship numbers and television ratings. [50][51][52] The Pacific Ocean itself has been labelled as a "continent of islands", and contains approximately 25,000, which is more than all the other major oceans combined. [348][349] Melbourne also ranked highly in the world's most liveable city list,[350] and is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region.[351][352]. The total population density, however, barely fluctuates between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. Oceania is a region made up of thousands of islands throughout the Central and South Pacific Ocean. "[143] In his 1993 book A New Oceania: Rediscovering Our Sea of Islands, New Guinea-born Fijian scholar Epeli Hauofa wrote that, "Pacific Ocean islands from Japan, through the Philippines and Indonesia, which are adjacent to the Asian mainland, do not have oceanic cultures, and are therefore not part of Oceania. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. The mix includes species with unusual biology such as the kkp which is the world's only flightless, nocturnal, lek-breeding parrot, but also many species that are similar to neighboring land areas. Best Countries to Visit in Oceania. "[55] In his 2013 book Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide, American herpetologist George R. Zug wrote, "what is and is not part of the Pacificparticularly the western Pacificis variously delimited", adding that "a majority viewpoint accepts the landmasses of Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, New Guinea, and eastern Australia, which face the open waters of the Pacific, as its western edge." Indeed, these categories Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians became so deeply entrenched in Western anthropological thought that it is difficult even now to break out the mould in which they entrap us (. [239] The oldest member disappearing by way of the plate tectonics cycle is early-Cretaceous (145 to 137 million years ago). Their definition does not include all of Australia's external territories, but is otherwise the same as the UN's definition, and is also used for statistical purposes. ", "Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific", "Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome", Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, "Cook's Journal: Daily Entries, 22 April 1770", "History of French Polynesia, 1797 to 1889", "Chapter V Affairs in the Western Pacific", "Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years", "Parks and Reserves Australia's National Landscapes", "Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103734840A157467789.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22712695A94343459.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22703868A118657750.en, "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", Invasive Species: Animals Brown Tree Snake, "Parrots of Oceania a comparative study of extinction risk", "ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Hurricane Research Division, "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season? [188] There is evidence of genetic and linguistic interchange between Australians in the far north and the Austronesian peoples of modern-day New Guinea and the islands, but this may be the result of recent trade and intermarriage. In the financial year 2014/15, tourism represented 3% of Australia's GDP contributing A$47.5 billion to the national economy. [372], In 2003 alone, according to state government data, there were over 6.4 million visitors to the Hawaiian Islands with expenditures of over $10.6 billion. Disagreements between the US, Germany and UK over Samoa led to the Tripartite Convention of 1899. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). [103] The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions. [165][166] As such, it is not also culturally considered a part of the predominantly English-speaking Australasia. 1.4 million); except Auckland, all cities are located in Australia. In statistics, population may refer to people, objects, events, hospital visits, measurements, etc. The book observed that a native Polynesian language was still understood on Easter Island, unlike with the other islands, which were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans and mostly being used as prisons for convicts. The island of Hawaii for example hosts 4 (out of 5 in total) climate groups on a surface as small as 10,430km2 (4,028sqmi) according to the Kppen climate types: tropical, arid, temperate and polar. iii. The Magellan-Elcano expedition achieved the first circumnavigation of the world and reached the Philippines, the Mariana Islands, and other islands of Oceania. [118] In 1987, The Journal of Australasian Cave Research described Oceania as being "the region from Irian Jaya (Western New Guinea, a province of New Guinea) in the west to Galpagos Islands (Equador) and Easter Island (Chile) in the east. Yearly % Change: For 2019: percentage change in total population over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). [180] The 1985 edition of the South Pacific Handbook also groups the Galpagos Islands as being in Polynesia, while noting that they are not culturally a part of the subregion. [369] Popular Australian destinations include the Sydney Harbour (Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc. [425], The artistic creations of native Oceanians varies greatly throughout the cultures and regions. It covers an area of about 3,291,903 sq.mi and accommodates a population of 40 million. Earthquakes are common, though usually not severe, averaging 3,000 per year. 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